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Ernst Mundt: born on Dec. 2, 1921, shot dead at the Berlin wall on Sept. 4, 1962 while trying to escape (date of photo not known)
Ernst Mundt, shot dead at the Berlin Wall: MfS photo of the temporary memorial at Bernauer Strasse at the corner of Bergstrasse, 1963

Ernst Mundt

born on December 2,1921
shot dead on September 4, 1962


at the Sophien Cemetery, Bernauer Strasse/Bergstrasse
at the sector border between Berlin-Mitte and Berlin-Wedding
Ernst Mundt traveled by bike from his apartment to the Sophien Cemetery on the afternoon of September 4, 1962. He parked his bike on Bergstrasse, where the path was blocked by barbed wire. He climbed on top of the cemetery wall that was covered with pieces of broken glass to prevent intruders and ran along the top towards the sector border.The cemetery of the East Berlin Sophien Parish bordered Bernauer Strasse, which belonged to the western part of the city. After the Wall was built, access to these grounds was highly restricted. Border guards patrolled between the rows of graves and checked all visitors’ papers before they could enter the cemetery. On the afternoon of September 4, 1962, two gun shots interrupted the peacefulness of the cemetery. A man, fatally wounded, fell down from the cemetery wall between the graves. [1] On the other side of Bernauer Strasse, West Berlin residents opened their windows and saw border guards carry a lifeless body away on a stretcher. Many of the eyewitnesses remembered the fugitive as the "man with the cap" [2] because when he fell, his hat flew off and landed on the west side of the Wall. Forensic investigations later found that the hat had a hole in it, bearing evidence that the victim had been shot in the head. [3]

Ernst Mundt: born on Dec. 2, 1921, shot dead at the Berlin Wall on Sept. 4, 1962 while trying to escape (date of photo not known)
Ernst Mundt was 40 years old when he was killed trying to escape. He was born on December 2, 1921 in Bad Polzin in Eastern Pomerania. In 1950 the carpenter moved from Falkensee to East Berlin in search of work. He worked on the construction of the Friesen Stadium, a socialist prestige project that was erected very quickly on Dimitroffstrasse, now known as Danziger Strasse. The stadium was officially opened in 1951. Ernst Mundt had to give up his profession due to poor health. When the Berlin Wall was erected, the bachelor, who received a disability pension and lived in a studio apartment in Prenzlauer Berg, was separated from his relatives on the west side of the city. Since visits were no longer possible, his mother maintained contact with him by mail and regularly sent him packages with food and other necessities. She did not know that her son was planning to flee or why he decided to do so. The East German authorities never found out what had motivated him. Staff members of the Ministry of State Security who questioned Ernst Mundt’s neighbors after his escape attempt only learned that he had openly criticized the fact that the sector border had been sealed off. [4]

Ernst Mundt traveled by bike from his apartment to the Sophien Cemetery on the afternoon of September 4, 1962. He parked his bike on Bergstrasse, where the path was blocked by barbed wire. He climbed on top of the cemetery wall that was covered with pieces of broken glass to prevent intruders and ran along the top towards the sector border. Eyewitnesses reported that when cemetery visitors and border guards demanded that he get down, he answered: "I won’t get down. I am on duty." [5] He had almost reached the border when two transport police officers who were posted approximately a hundred meters away on the grounds of the Nordbahnhof station noticed him fleeing. One of them fired a warning shot and then quickly fired a shot at him. Ernst Mundt was hit in the head and killed immediately. Thirty years later, when the guard who fired the shot faced charges in court, he justified his actions by claiming that he was only following orders. [6]

Ernst Mundt, shot dead at the Berlin Wall: Removing the injured man from the death strip, Sept. 4, 1962
At the time the guard received immediate approval for his actions from the border troop leadership. That very day the East Berlin commander Helmut Poppe awarded him a bonus and the "Medal for Exemplary Service at the Border." In his final report the commander of the 1st Border Brigade concluded that Sergeant M. "handled his weapon superbly and put it to use masterfully." [7] The quick removal of the deceased was also praised as a military success. The border troop leader praised the border guards involved for successfully removing the "injured criminal before the West Berlin police, press and camera crews could arrive." [8] They had taken the right measures according to Order 56/62, which had been passed in reaction to the death of Peter Fechter fourteen days earlier. The order was designed to ensure that fugitives who were killed or injured at the Wall be removed as quickly as possible to make sure that the western public had nothing to see.

Ernst Mundt’s relatives in West Berlin had great difficulty in finding out what had happened to him. His mother’s request for information from the East German authorities remained unanswered, but private investigations from East Berlin relatives were able to confirm her fear that the fugitive who was killed was her son Ernst. In early November the younger son traveled from Krefeld to Berlin in order to find out the facts once and for all. [9] As a West German, he was allowed to travel to East Berlin. His mother was not. Stasi files show that his unexpected visit put the East German authorities under pressure. After he refused to be sent away, an East Berlin state prosecutor eventually told him tersely that his brother had been injured during a "border provocation" and died from his injuries. [10] The family was told that the urn was buried in the Baumschulenweg Cemetery. The Stasi had already had the body cremated and buried anonymously. [11]

Ernst Mundt was the third fugitive in three weeks to be killed at the Berlin Wall. Anger and disgust grew in West Berlin in response to the frequency of such fatal incidents. The police had to break up a group of angry demonstrators on Gartenstrasse, who, according to one report, "were adopting a threatening attitude toward the Grepo [border police] and Trapo [transport police] positioned near the sector border." [12] There were also clear expressions of public mourning and sympathy for the fate of those killed as well. A cross was erected at the corner of Bernauer Strasse and Bergstrasse and decorated by passersby with flowers and wreaths. [13] A year later the Wedding district office replaced the cross with a monument made of logs and barbed wire.
Ernst Mundt, shot dead at the Berlin Wall: Memorial stone on Bernauer Strasse in Berlin-Wedding (photo: 2005)
Today a sidewalk plate with the inscription "To the unknown victims of the shameful wall, †4.9.1962" still marks the site where Ernst Mundt died.

Christine Brecht

[1] See "Spitzenmeldung des MfNV/Stadtkommandantur Berlin/1.GB/Stabschef betr. versuchten Grenzdurchbruch am 4.9.1962 um 14.20 Uhr mit Schusswaffengebrauch, 4.9.1962," in: BArch, VA-07/8461, Bl. 48–49; "Bericht des [MfS]/HA I/Abteilung Aufklärung (B) betr. verhinderten Grenzdurchbruch am 4.9.1962 am Friedhof Berg-/Gartenstrasse, 4.9.1962," in: BStU, MfS, AS 754/70, Bd. 2, Nr. 2, Bl. 17–18, and "Bericht der West-Berliner Polizei betr. vermutlicher Mord an einem männl. Flüchtling aus dem SBS, Bernauer-/Bergstr., 5.9.1962," in: PHS, Bestand Grenzvorkommnisse, n. pag. [2] Interview by Maria Nooke with Günter and Ursula Malchow, who were residents of Bernauer Strasse at the time, 7.4.2002, archive of the Berlin Wall Memorial. [3] See "Untersuchungsbericht der Kriminaltechnischen Untersuchungsstelle der West-Berliner Polizei, 12.9.1962," in: StA Berlin, Az. 2 Js 88/90, Bd. 1, Bl. 62. [4] See "Einzel-Information [des MfS-ZAIG] Nr. 584/62 über einen versuchten Grenzdurchbruch im Bereich der III. Grenzabteilung, Unterabschnitt 1. Kompanie, 5.9.1962," in: BStU, MfS, ZAIG Nr. 581, Bl. 44–47, and "Ermittlungsbericht der VfS Gross-Berlin/Abt. VIII, 4.9.1962," in: BStU, AS 754/70, Bd. 2, Nr. 2, Bl. 78–80. [5] "Bericht über die Zeugenvernehmung einer Anwohnerin der Bernauer Strasse durch die West-Berliner Polizei betr. Grenzzwischenfall am 4.2.62 gegen 14.15 Uhr an der Grenzmauer der Sophienkirchgemeinde, 4.9.1962," in: StA Berlin, Az. Js 88/90, Bd. 1, Bl. 37. [6] See "Protokoll der Vernehmung des mutmasslichen Todesschützen M. durch die Berliner Polizei, 12.2.1992," in: Ibid., Bl. 233–252, here Bl. 233. The Berlin district court convicted M. of manslaughter on 4.7.1994, handing down a two-year suspended prison sentence. See "Urteil des Landgerichts Berlin vom 4.7.1994," in: Ibid., Bd. 4, Bl. 224–244, here Bl. 224–225. [7] "Bericht des MfNV/Stadtkommandantur Berlin/1.GB/Kommandeur betr. Auswertung eines besonderen Vorkommnisses im Abschnitt der III. Grenzabteilung, 6.9.1962," in: BArch, VA-07/16930, Bl. 27–31, here Bl. 29. [8] "Bericht des MfNV/Stadtkommandantur Berlin/1.GB/Kommandeur zum versuchten Grenzdurchbruch am 4.9.1962, 4.9.1962," in: BArch, VA-07/8461, Bl. 52–57, here Bl. 56. [9] See "Niederschrift der Zeugenvernehmung der Schwester von Ernst Mundt durch die West-Berliner Polizei, 30.10.1962," in: StA Berlin, Az., 2 Js 88/90, Bd. 1, Bl. 74–22, and "Niederschrift der Zeugenvernehmung des Bruders von Ernst Mundt durch die West-Berliner Polizei, 9.11.1962," in: Ibid., Bl. 76. [10] "Bericht [der Verwaltung für Staatssicherheit Gross-Berlin/Abt. IX], 6.11.1962," in: BStU, MfS, AS 754/70, Bd. 2, Nr. 2, Bl. 72–75, here Bl. 73. [11] See "[MfS-]Aktenvermerk über die Bestattungskosten für Ernst Mundt, 27.9.1962," in: Ibid., Bl. 11. [12] "Ereignismeldung der West-Berliner Schutzpolizei, 6.9.1962," in: PHS, Bestand Ereignismeldungen der West-Berliner Schutzpolizei, n. pag. [13] See "Ereignismeldung der West-Berliner Schutzpolizei, 7.9.1962," in: Ibid.
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