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Peter Göring: born on Dec. 28, 1940, border guard shot dead at the Berlin Wall on May 23, 1962 (date of photo not known)
Peter Göring, shot dead at the Berlin Wall: West Berlin police crime site photo of the East Berlin border police observation tower at the Spandauer Schiffahrts Canal near the Sandkrug Bridge [May 23, 1962]

Peter Göring

born on December 28, 1940
killed accidentally by a ricochet bullet on May 23, 1962


at the Spandauer Schifffahrts Canal near the Sandkrug Bridge
on the sector border between Berlin-Mitte and Berlin-Tiergarten
Members of the 1st Border Brigade opened fire on the 14-year-old Wilfried Tews from Erfurt to stop him from escaping. He was seriously injured before he could be pulled onto the western bank. When the border guards’ bullets struck West Berlin, the police officers there provided the fugitive with covering fire. The 21-year-old border guard Peter Göring was fatally injured by a ricochet bullet.The news that there had been an armed conflict between East Berlin border guards and West Berlin policemen at the Spandauer Schifffahrts Canal spread like wildfire across both sides of the city. Members of the 1st Border Brigade opened fire on the 14-year-old Wilfried Tews from Erfurt to stop him from escaping. He was seriously injured before he could be pulled onto the western bank. [1] When the border guards’ bullets struck West Berlin, the police officers there provided the fugitive with covering fire. The 21-year-old border guard Peter Göring was fatally injured by a ricochet bullet.
Given the ongoing East-West confrontation, Peter Göring’s death was politically explosive. The East German leadership reacted aggressively, placing the blame on the West Berlin Senate. It publicized a photo of the dead man lying on the ground and announced that he had been a murder victim of the „Frontstadt-OAS," a reference to the terror attacks of nationalist French Algerians. [2] One propaganda poster proclaimed that, with this „assassination," the „reactionary forces and their henchmen in the form of the front city police" once again demonstrated that they were „the enemy of our people." [3] Hand in hand with the damning of the enemy came the glorification of the dead man from their own ranks. It was propagated that „Peter Göring was young and had loved life, which is why he stood guard at the East German state border in Berlin." [4]

In a radio speech, Willy Brandt, the mayor of Berlin, expressed his support for the police officer who had assisted the defenseless fugitive. He also expressed his regret over the death of the border policeman. Peter Göring, he said, was a new victim of the Wall. „We don’t know what kind of man he was since the clichés and slogans of the other side do not tell us anything. But responsibility for his fate lies with those who built the Wall." [5]

The official version of Peter Göring’s life that was publicized throughout East Germany was, in fact, both vague and portentous. [6] Born in December 1940 to a working-class family in Dresden, Peter Göring was young when he experienced the hardships of a war that cost his father his life. He grew up in Dresden in a children’s home named „Weisser Hirsch." After finishing school he completed an apprenticeship as a cast fettler. He then began agriculture work in response to the party’s appeal to young workers to work the land. In April 1960, he apparently enlisted voluntarily to serve „honorary duty" with the „armed organs" of East Germany. He was transferred in June of the following year to the „anti-fascist protective wall" and, because of his readiness to serve, remained a role model for all comrades. [7] As a token of appreciation, he was posthumously promoted from private to sergeant. The inscription on the gravestone that Peter Göring was given after his state funeral in Luchau, Saxony advanced this view further: „He was shot perfidiously by West Berlin police while faithfully fulfilling his duty to protect the state border in Berlin." [8] Peter Göring’s mother was also integrated into the official commemoration of her son and continued to participate actively in it her entire life. [9]

Official documents from the East and West, however, show that the murder claim was a fabrication. Military and judiciary files, which were under lock and key in East Germany, prove without a doubt that Peter Göring was actively involved in the exchange of fire and was fatally hit while firing directly at the fugitive Wilfried Tews. In doing so, Göring violated the regulations that forbade arms from being used against children or directed at the West. Moreover, in opposition to the clear orders of his post leader, he left his watchtower in order to get into a better shooting position. [10] West Berlin investigation files reveal that on the other side of the canal, a police officer noticed the border guard who was shooting at that moment. The protocol stated that because the West Berlin officer felt threatened, he returned the fire, „upon which the Vopo [East German policeman] suddenly disappeared and presumably was fatally hit." [11]
Peter Göring, shot dead at the Berlin Wall: fatally injured when shots were fired at a fugitive. The border guard was struck by a ricochet bullet fired from the pistol of a West Berlin police officer (May 23, 1962)
The exchange of fire was in full swing when he was shot. After the sound of the last shot trailed off, the lifeless body of the border guard was found between two walls that blocked access to the river bank. [12] The forensic investigation in East Berlin determined that the bullets that hit and killed Peter Göring had not been fired directly. The injuries were caused by a ricochet bullet that had bounced off one of the walls. [13]

The investigation was re-opened in the 1990s. Whatever charges had been made against the West Berlin policeman who was believed to have fatally injured Peter Göring were dropped in July 1991 with the explanation that since he had fired his gun to protect himself and the fugitive, his conduct was justified as an act of self-defense and emergency assistance. [14] Three former East German guards were accused of attempted manslaughter of the fugitive Wilfried Tews, which led to a trial in June 1996. [15] But during the main proceedings the court was unable to determine which guard had fired the shots and the defendants were acquitted. [16]

The court concluded in its decision that the shots that injured Wilfried Tews, causing him to suffer from their consequences for the rest of his life, may even have been fired by Peter Göring. But this could not be proven with any certainty.

Christine Brecht

[1] See „Schwerer Grenzzwischenfall am Humboldt-Hafen," in: Die Welt, 24.5.1962; „Vopo-Opfer kämpft mit dem Tode," in: BZ, 25.5.1962. [2] See „Blutige Provokation an der Staatsgrenze," in: Neues Deutschland, 24.5. 1962, and „Mordüberfall der Frontstadt-OAS. Zorn erfüllt unser Land," in: Neues Deutschland, 25.5.1962. The abbreviation OAS stands for „Organisation de l’ Armée Secrète." Founded in April 1961 under the leadership of generals of the French Algerian Army, the OAS used terror attacks in France to fight against the de-colonization of Algeria. [3] „Peter Göring durch Frontstadt-OAS ermordet," Plakat der Politabteilung der 1. Grenzbrigade, o. D. [Mai 1962], in: BArch, DY 30/IV 2/12/75, Bl. 248. [4] „Gefallen im Ersten Weltkrieg? Gefallen im Zweiten Weltkrieg?," Plakat, o. D. [Mai 1962], Archive of the Berlin Wall Foundation. [5] „Abschrift eines Schreibens von Heinrich Albertz/Innensenator West-Berlin (darin Abschrift von einem Redebeitrag von Willy Brandt am 27.5.1962 in der RIAS-Sendung „Wo uns der Schuh drückt"), o. D. [Mai 1962]," in: BStU, MfS, ZAIG Nr. 101713, Bl. 102–104, here Bl. 103. [6] The authors Thomas Brasch and Lothar Trolle used this material in 1971 in their bitingly ironic play titled „The Exemplary Life and Death of Peter Göring. Biography of a Happy Citizen." The play was promptly banned after its premier. [7] See BArch, GTÜ/AZN 663, n. pag., and „Ein blühendes Menschenleben ist nicht mehr," in: Neues Deutschland, 25.5.1962. [8] See „Bericht des MdI/Bepo/1.GB (B)/Kommandeur betr. Errichtung eines Grabsteines für den durch Westberliner Polizeiangehörige ermordeten Genossen Unteroffizier Peter Göring, 4.6.1962," in: BArch, DY 30/IV 2/12/75, Bl. 285–287, here Bl. 287. [9] See „Mutter Peter Görings zu Gast im VPKA," in: Neuer Tag, 1.4.1981. [10] See „Spitzenmeldung des MdI/Bepo/1.GB (B)/O.p.D. betr. verbrecherische Provokation Westberliner Polizeikräfte mit Anwendung der Schusswaffe gegen eigene Grenzsicherungskräfte, 23.5.1962," in: BArch, VA-07/8400, Bl. 2, and „Bericht des MdI/Bepo/1.GB (B) zum Vorkommnis in der 2. Kompanie der III.GA am 25.5.1962 um 17.35 Uhr," in: Ibid., Bl. 6–8. [11] „Abschrift aus dem Tagebuch des am Schusswechsel beteiligten West-Berliner Polizisten des RKB 27, 23.5.1962," in: StA Berlin, Az. 2 Js 102/91, Bd. 2, Bl. 9. See also „Niederschrift der Vernehmung des am Schusswechsel beteiligten West-Berliner Polizisten durch die West-Berliner Polizei, 24.5.1962," in: Ibid., Bl. 17–20. [12] „Bericht des MdI/Bepo/1.GB (B) zum Vorkommnis in der 2. Kompanie der III.GA am 25.5.1962 um 17.35 Uhr," in: BArch, VA-07/8400, Bl. 8. [13] See „Schlussbericht [des MfS]/Abt. K/Dez.U/Mordkommission, 23.6.1962," in: BStU, Ast. Potsdam AKK Nr. 1672/82, Bl. 23–31, here Bl. 28–29. [14] See „Ermittlungen gegen westliche Todesschützen," in: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 8.7.1991; „West-Berliner Polizist schoss in Notwehr," in: Berliner Morgenpost, 13.7.1991. [15] See „Anklageschrift der Staatsanwaltschaft II bei dem Landgericht Berlin (27/2 Js 102/91), 24.6.1996," in: StA Berlin, Az. 2772 Js 102/91, Bd. 5, Bl. 130–173. [16] See „Urteil des Landgerichts Berlin vom 14. 6.2002," in: Ibid., Bd. 7, Bl. 103–147.
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